সম্পাদনা করছেন: ওয়ার্ল্ডপিডিয়া:Selected anniversaries/March 13

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==Images==
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File:Mendelssohn Bartholdy.jpg|Felix Mendelssohn
File:Felix Mendelssohn - Violinkonzert e-moll - 1. Allegro molto appassionato.ogg|Violin Concerto, 1<sup>st</sup> movement
File:Alexander II 1870 by Sergei Lvovich Levitsky.jpg|Tzar Alexander II of Russia
File:I Grinevizky.jpg|Ignacy Hryniewiecki
File:Uranus2.jpg|Uranus, as seen by ''[[Voyager 2]]''

File:Franciscus in 2015.jpg|Pope Francis
File:Krakow Ghetto 06694.jpg|Deportation of Jews from the Kraków Ghetto
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==Ineligible==
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| [[624]] – Led by [[Muhammad]], the Muslims of [[Medina]] '''[[Battle of Badr|defeated]]''' the [[Quraysh]] of [[Mecca]] in [[Badr, Saudi Arabia|Badr]], present-day Saudi Arabia.
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|  [[874]] – The remains of '''[[Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Saint Nicephorus]]''' were brought back to [[Constantinople]] to be interred at the [[Church of the Holy Apostles]].
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| [[1845]] – German composer [[Felix Mendelssohn]]'s '''[[Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)|Violin Concerto]]'''<!-- ''(1<sup>st</sup> movement ''Allegro molto appassionato'' featured)''-->, one of the most popular [[violin concerto]]s of all time, received its world première in [[Leipzig]].
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|[[1881]] – Tsar '''[[Alexander II of Russia]]''' was assassinated near his palace in a bomb-throwing plot by [[Ignacy Hryniewiecki]] and three other revolutionaries.
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| [[1884]] – [[Mahdist War]]: Forces loyal to self-proclaimed [[Mahdi]] [[Muhammad Ahmad]] began '''[[Siege of Khartoum|a 319-day siege]]''' of a combined Anglo-Egyptian force defending [[Khartoum]], Sudan.
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| [[1997]] – A series of '''[[Phoenix Lights|unexplained lights]]''' appeared in the skies over the US states of [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]], and the Mexican state of [[Sonora]].
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| '''[[Iris Calderhead]]'''<!--American suffragist--> |d|1966
| [[Template:POTD/2022-03-13|POTD for 2022]]
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| '''[[Odette Hallowes]]'''<!--English spy--> |d|1995
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|* [[1954]] – [[Việt Minh]] forces under General [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]] began a massive [[artillery]] bombardment on the French military, beginning the '''[[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]]''', the climactic battle of the [[First Indochina War]].
|Citation needed for date
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|* [[1639]] – [[Harvard College]]<!--not bold, date not in article and unreferenced section--> in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], '''[[History of Harvard University|was named]]''' after its first principal donor, clergyman [[John Harvard (clergyman)|John Harvard]].
|Citations needed
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==Eligible==
* [[1567]] – A Spanish mercenary army surprised a band of rebels at the '''[[Battle of Oosterweel]]''' in the [[Habsburg Netherlands]], beginning the [[Eighty Years' War]].
* [[1697]] – [[Nojpetén]], capital of the [[Peten Itza kingdom|Itza Maya]] kingdom, fell to Spanish [[conquistador]]s, the final step in the '''[[Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]'''.
* [[1811]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: A British [[frigate]] squadron defeated a much larger squadron of French and Italian frigates and smaller vessels in the '''[[Battle of Lissa (1811)|Battle of Lissa]]''' in the [[Adriatic Sea]].
* [[1920]] – The '''[[Kapp Putsch]]''' ''(participants pictured)'', an attempted [[Coup d'état|coup]] aiming to undo the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]], briefly ousted the government of the [[Weimar Republic]].
* [[1962]] – [[Lyman Lemnitzer]], the Chairman of the U.S. [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], presented to the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] a [[false flag]] conspiracy plan, '''[[Operation Northwoods]]''', intended to create public support for a war against [[Fidel Castro]] and Cuba.
* [[1964]] – '''[[Murder of Kitty Genovese|Kitty Genovese]]''' was murdered in New York City, prompting research into the [[bystander effect]] due to the false story that neighbors witnessed the killing and did nothing to help her.
* [[1985]] – One of England's worst incidents of [[football hooliganism]] occurred when supporters of [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]] and [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]] '''[[1985 Luton riot|rioted]]''' before a match at [[Kenilworth Road]] stadium.
* [[1996]] – A gunman '''[[Dunblane massacre|killed sixteen children and a teacher]]''' at a primary school in [[Dunblane]], Scotland, before committing suicide.
* [[1986]] – Claiming the right of [[innocent passage]], the American warships ''[[USS Yorktown (CG-48)|Yorktown]]'' and ''[[USS Caron|Caron]]'' '''[[1986 Black Sea incident|entered Soviet territorial waters]]''' in the [[Black Sea]].
* Born/died this day: | '''[[John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden]]'''<!--English nobleman--> |b|1719| '''[[Daniel Lambert]]'''<!--English animal breeder--> |b|1770| '''[[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]]'''<!--Ottoman diplomat--> |b|1800| '''[[Hans Gude]]'''<!--Norwegian painter--> |b|1825| '''[[Percival Lowell]]'''<!--American astronomer--> |b|1855| '''[[Adolf Anderssen]]'''<!--German chess player--> |d|1879| '''[[Benjamin Harrison]]'''<!--American president--> |d|1901| '''[[Helen Renton]]'''<!--Scottish air force officer--> |b|1931| '''[[Hee Seo]]'''<!--South Korean ballerina-->|b|1986| '''[[Encarnacion Alzona]]'''<!--Filipino historian, female--> |d|2001

==Notes==
* [[Rings of Uranus]] appears on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/March 10|March 10]], so Uranus should not appear in the same year.
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'''[[March 13]]''': '''[[Commonwealth Day]]'''<!--2nd Monday--> in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (2023)
{{main page image/OTD|File:Krakow Ghetto 06694.jpg|Deportation of Jews from the Kraków Ghetto}}
* [[1781]] – [[William Herschel]] discovered the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' from the garden of his house in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], England, initially considering it to be a [[comet]].
* [[1845]] – German composer [[Felix Mendelssohn]]'s '''[[Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)|Violin Concerto]]''' was performed for the first time.
* [[1943]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Nazi troops <!--under [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] [[Hauptsturmführer]] [[Amon Göth]] -->began the final liquidation of the '''[[Kraków Ghetto]]''' in Poland, sending about 2,000 Jews to the [[Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp|Płaszów labor camp]] ''(deportation pictured)'', with the remaining 5,000 either killed or sent to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]].
* [[1988]] – The  '''[[Seikan Tunnel]]''', 53.85 km (33.46 mi) in length, opened between the cities of [[Hakodate]] and [[Aomori]], Japan.
* [[2013]] – Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio [[2013 papal conclave|was elected]] '''[[Pope Francis]]''', making him the first [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] pope, the first from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere<!--, as well as the first non-European pope in over 1,000 years-->.
{{Born and died list| '''[[John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent]]'''<!--English admiral--> |d|1823| '''[[Sālote Tupou III]]'''<!--Tongan queen--> |b|1900| '''[[Anne Acheson]]'''<!--Irish sculptor--> |d|1962}}
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